Mercury-Silver Fillings: An Historical Perspective And Update
by Bill Wolfe, D.D.S., N.M.D., I.A.O.M.T. Graduate of Baylor University College of Dentistry.
What is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature and vaporizes very easily at body
temperature?
What metal is the second most biouncompatible, naturally occuring element?
What metal makes up
approximately 50% of the "silver" fillings in your mouth?
The answer to all of the above-
MERCURY
About
1830, a revolutinary new dental restorative material called "amalgam" was introduced to the United States. This amalgam was
developed in England and France and contained silver, tin, copper, zinc and -mercury. The amalgam fillings were not openly
embraced by organized dentistry in America, and in 1840, members of the American Society of Dental Surgeons were required
to sign pledges not to use mercury fillings. In fact, several New York city dentists were suspended from this organization
in 1848 for "malpractice for using silver mercury fillings". In 1959, a new organization was formed as a result of the internal
strife over the use of mercury in dentistry - the American Dental Association.
So what chronological events have occurred
which have resulted in the currrent controversy over mercury in fillings, much the same as 160 years ago?
History of
the Dental Amalgam Controversy
1819: Invention of dental silver - mercury amalgam by the English chemist, Bell.
1826:
First use of dental amalgam in England and France.
1830: Amalgam fillings first used in the U.S.
1840: Organized
dentistry denounced the use of amalgam as a poor fillings material, especially due to concerns about mercury poisoning.
-
American Society of Dental Surgeons formed. Members were required not to use mercury fillings.
1859: American Dental
Association was formed. The ADA supported the use of silver amalgam then as the filling material of choice, as it still does
today.
1926: The German chemist, Dr. Alfred Stock researched mercury poisoning and identified through his research
that silver amalgam fillings in the mouth were a source of mercury vapor.
1957: Dr. Karl O. Frykholm's studies in Sweden
concluded that when saliva covered the amalgam filling, mercury is no longer released.
1976: The federal Drug Administration
pronounced acceptance of amalgam fillings and "grandfathered" their approval under the G.R.A.S. (generally recognized as safe)
category, due to its long term usage.
1979: Research began appearing in the literature documenting that mercury vapor
was consistantly being released from amalgam fillings, especially when the fillings were stimulated by chwing, brushing, or
heat exposure.
1984: Human autopsy studies were published which demonstrated that the amount of mercury found in brain
and kidney tissue was directly related to the amount of mercury amalgam fillings int he teeth.
- Significant research
at the University of Calgary School of Medicine demonstrated that mercury from dental amalgam fillings could be found in the
blood and tissues of pregnant mothers and their babies within a few days.
1990: The first controlled research on the
effects of dental amalgam were published. The research cited significant effects of dental amalgam were published. The research
cited significant effects of mercury amalgam on various tissues and organs in experiments with monkey's and sheep.
-
The media became involved when the TV show "60 minutes" aired a segment entitled, "Is There A Poison In Your Mouth?"
1991:
Many D.A.M.S. (Dental Amalgam Mercury Syndrome) support groups, became more active in consumer awareness of the mercury amalgam
issue.
The first products liability suit against a manufacturer of dental amalgam in connection with mercury poisoning
was filed in Tennesse.
-Consumer activist groups along with concerned legislators beganto introduce "informed consent"
Legislation, whereby a dential would be required to inform the patient of contents of tthe contents of the amalgam filling
and the potential harmfull effects of the mercury component (Such legeislation was voted down in committee in New Mexico after
being unanimously passed the previous week by the same committee).
-Sweden declared that amalgam will be banned. (The
majority of dentists are voluntarily not using amalgams in pregnant woman).